In order to improve the conductivity, strength, corrosion resistance and durability of the tracer wire, multi-strand (or single-strand) copper wire or waste communication optical cable with a cross-sectional area of more than 2.5mm2 should be selected. When laying, try to keep the tracer line at the top of the pipe, peel off the insulation layer of the wire joint at the branch, twist the copper core together for several turns, and then wrap the joint with insulating tape to maintain good conductivity. At the dew point of the trace line, a detection pile (detection well) can be set to lead the trace line into the test pile for convenient detection and positioning. For the gas PE pipeline laid by directional drilling, the communication optical cable with higher strength should be selected, and the strength should be increased by relying on the internal main steel wire to avoid being pulled off during construction, resulting in the inability to detect and locate.

示蹤方法

Tracer method

1、地面標志

1. Ground signs

在地面相應位置上進行標記，埋設標志、標志磚、標志貼等。這種方式直觀易找，但受地面環(huán)境限制，如在快速路上很難設置。遇道路維修或拆遷等情況，還會大量丟失標志?，F(xiàn)階段地面標記物均采用以上標志。

Mark the corresponding positions on the ground, bury signs, sign bricks, sign stickers, etc. This method is intuitive and easy to find, but is limited by the ground environment, such as it is difficult to set on the expressway. In case of road maintenance or demolition, a large number of signs will be lost. At this stage, the above marks are used for ground markers.

2、設備探測

2. Equipment detection

一旦地面標志丟失，就只好使用設備進行地下管道探測。對于金屬管材，一般用金屬探管儀一種將電信號施加在管道上，然后追蹤電信號走向的設備)進行路由定位。這種設備在地下管線少、無強磁、強電的地方效果較好，但對于管道密集的區(qū)域(如庭院)或導電性差的管道(如球墨鑄鐵管)，探測效率會大打折扣。PE管根本不導電，因此無法采用此項技術。我們也試用了其他設備，如地磁成像儀、地下空腔探測儀等，但在霸州公司未進行實際應用，效果暫時無法確定。除此之外，據(jù)了解目前市場上還沒有一種設備能在探測PE管時達到理想效果。

Once the ground signs are lost, the equipment has to be used for underground pipeline detection. For metal pipes, the metal pipe detector (a device that applies electrical signals to the pipes and then tracks the direction of electrical signals) is generally used for routing and positioning. This kind of equipment works well in places with few underground pipelines, no strong magnetism and strong electricity, but for areas with dense pipelines (such as courtyards) or pipelines with poor conductivity (such as ductile iron pipes), the detection efficiency will be greatly reduced. PE pipe is not conductive at all, so this technology cannot be used. We have also tried other equipment, such as geomagnetic imager and underground cavity detector, but it has not been applied in Bazhou Company, and the effect cannot be determined temporarily. In addition, it is understood that there is no equipment on the market that can achieve the desired effect when detecting PE pipes.

3、金屬薄膜示蹤帶

3. Metal film tracer band

在燃氣PE管道上方敷設金屬薄膜示蹤帶，然后用探管儀進行探測。示蹤帶中的金屬薄膜具有導電性，理論上可以體現(xiàn)出金屬管的特性，但實際上由于金屬薄膜的截面積太小，導電性不好，受周圍金屬管道干擾大，致使探測效果非常差，只有在干擾小且距離地面很近的地方才能被探測到。而且輻射過程中，每100米需進行一次連接，如連接不當，在后期使用過程中因土壤沉降會導致示蹤帶斷裂，進而無法檢測。

Lay a metal film tracer tape above the gas PE pipeline, and then use a pipe detector for detection. The metal film in the tracer band has conductivity, which can theoretically reflect the characteristics of the metal tube. However, in fact, the detection effect is very poor because of the small cross-sectional area of the metal film, the poor conductivity, and the large interference of the surrounding metal tube, which can only be detected in the place with small interference and very close to the ground. In addition, during the radiation process, a connection should be made every 100 meters. If the connection is not correct, the tracer zone will be broken due to soil settlement in the later use process, which can not be detected.

4、金屬示蹤線

4. Metal tracer line

為提高示蹤物體的導電性，我們曾使用金屬示蹤線來替代金屬薄膜示蹤帶。由于示蹤線的線芯是銅，且具有一定的截面積，因此導電性明顯好于薄膜示蹤帶，尤其在剛埋下去的時候，探測效果較好。但隨著時間延長，示蹤線暴露出很大問題。a.示蹤線一旦有斷點，如施工時被挖斷自然銹蝕、連接時沒接牢等，從斷點往后就無法被探測到。b.相對于其他地下管道或線路，示蹤線的導電性沒有它們好，因此造成探測信號過于微弱，以于混淆管道位置。而且抗拉性能差，在定向鉆穿越中無法敷設。

In order to improve the conductivity of the tracer object, we have used the metal tracer line to replace the metal film tracer belt. Because the core of the tracer line is copper and has a certain cross-sectional area, its conductivity is significantly better than that of the thin film tracer belt, especially when it is just buried, the detection effect is better. However, with the extension of time, the tracer line exposed a lot of problems. A. Once the tracer line has a breakpoint, such as being cut off during construction, natural corrosion, and not firmly connected, it cannot be detected from the breakpoint back. B. Compared with other underground pipelines or lines, the conductivity of the tracer line is not as good as that of them, so the detection signal is too weak to confuse the pipeline position. Moreover, the tensile property is poor, and it cannot be laid in directional drilling crossing.

5、廢舊通信光纜

5. Waste communication optical cable

鑒于金屬示蹤線的缺點，廢舊通信光纜可以較好地該問題。通信光纜是由若干根（芯）光纖（一般從幾芯到幾千芯）構成的纜心和外護層所組成。光纜中有加強構件去承受外界的機械負荷，以保護光纖免受各種外機械力的影響，從而了光纜的耐久性。尤其在定向鉆穿越施工中，光纜的強負荷力可以完整的敷設。在300500米間隔處，埋設檢測樁，將光纜引檢測樁內，方便日后檢測定位。光纜的缺點是導電性能低于金屬示蹤線，受干擾的區(qū)域檢測效果較差。

In view of the shortcomings of the metal tracer line, the waste communication optical cable can better solve this problem. Communication optical cable is composed of cable core and outer sheath composed of several (core) optical fibers (generally from several to several thousand cores). There are strengthening members in the optical cable to bear the external mechanical load, so as to protect the optical cable from the impact of various external mechanical forces, thus improving the durability of the optical cable. Especially in directional drilling crossing construction, the strong load of optical cable can be laid completely. At the interval of 300 to 500 meters, test piles shall be buried, and optical cables shall be led into the test piles to facilitate future detection and positioning. The disadvantage of optical cable is that its conductivity is lower than that of metal tracer line, and the detection effect of disturbed area is poor.

6、地下管道電子標志系統(tǒng)

6. Underground pipeline electronic marking system

電子標志系統(tǒng)(ElectronicMark System).早起源于美國，由3M公司為公共設施應用而開發(fā)，嚴格遵循美國公共勞動協(xié)會(APWA)制定的地下設施標志的規(guī)范，用于對現(xiàn)場設施的定位。其工作原理是將電子標志器埋設于管道上方，每個電子標志器內都存有一個..的識別代碼，如同每個人的身份證號碼一樣。電子標志器內可以自定義儲存管道的重要信息，如相對位置、埋深、管徑、管材、管道壓力、敷設日期等。在地面上使用定位設備(探測儀)定位電子標志器的位置，并讀取儲

Electronic Mark System. It originated in the United States and was developed by 3M Company for the application of public facilities. It strictly follows the specifications of underground facility signs formulated by the American Association of Public Workers (APWA) for the positioning of on-site facilities. Its working principle is to bury the electronic marker above the pipeline, and each electronic marker has a The identification code of is the same as the ID number of each person. The electronic marker can customize and store important information of the pipeline, such as relative position, buried depth, pipe diameter, pipe material, pipe pressure, laying date, etc. Use positioning equipment (detector) on the ground to locate the position of electronic marker and read